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Id 521
Author Valladares A.
Title Successes and failures of participation-in-design: Cases from Old Havana, Cuba
Reference
Valladares A.; Successes and failures of participation-in-design: Cases from Old Havana, Cuba ;Frontiers of Architectural Research vol:6.0 issue: 3 page:401.0

Link to article https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85026466897&doi=10.1016%2fj.foar.2017.06.001&partnerID=40&md5=f8bc94ff2bb377fea86ea674c485ed36
Abstract Following the fall of the Soviet Union, Cuba faced a crisis that forced it to change its housing approach. Self-help building programs began to supplant the construction of mass standardized housing estates. The Community Architect Program was developed to provide design advice to self-help builders, and it expanded exponentially within a decade. By the year 2000, all municipalities across Cuba had their own Community Architect Office. While the approach of the Community Architect Program has been hailed a breakthrough in the fields of planning and architecture, the particular case of Old Havana suggests that several obstacles prevent residents from benefiting from its services. The author identifies the strengths and limitations of the approach by looking at two home renovation projects in Old Havana and the perceptions of low-income residents on the work done by community architects. This research indicates that participatory design methods should be complemented by community-based initiatives that address other aspects of the housing development process, such as access to materials, construction, and construction management. © 2017 Higher Education Press Limited Company


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Candidate transition variables
Across the developing world, liberal architects and planners have sought to build upon grassroots energy and creativity through participatory design programs. .
The clients wanted to expand the surface area of their house and build a room to rent to tourists. .
Upon its completion, the client was highly satisfied with the reconstruction. .