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Analysis of article to determine research methods used
| Id : | 2012 | |
Author : | Eisenberg M.D.; Singh Y.; Sood N. | |
Title | Association of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs with Consumer Health-Related Intentions and Beliefs among Individuals at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease |
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| Reference : | Eisenberg M.D.; Singh Y.; Sood N. Association of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs with Consumer Health-Related Intentions and Beliefs among Individuals at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease,JAMA Health Forum 3 8 |
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| Link to article | https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147704594&doi=10.1001%2fjamahealthforum.2022.2570&partnerID=40&md5=4bf29938f17f76fdff121f382ab4e127 |
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| Abstract | Importance: Consumers in the US are exposed to unprecedented high levels of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) for prescription drugs, yet there is limited evidence regarding their effect on health-related intentions and beliefs. Objective: To provide evidence on the association of DTCA for prescription drugs with consumer health-related intentions and beliefs. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study recruited participants from a nationally representative sample of individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Participants were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 study arms: (1) exposure to DTCA for heart disease medications (treatment 1 n = 926 ), (2) exposure to DTCA for heart disease medications with price disclosure (treatment 2 n = 921 ), (3) and exposure to nonpharmaceutical advertising (control group n = 902 ). Each study arm viewed five 1-minute video advertisements, totaling 5 minutes of advertising exposure. The 2 treatment arms viewed pharmaceutical advertising videos for 4 heart disease medications, and the control arm viewed nonpharmaceutical advertising videos. Participants then completed a survey questionnaire to measure medication- and lifestyle-related intentions and health-related beliefs and perceptions. Exposures: Direct-to-consumer advertising for heart disease medications (treatment 1), DTCA for heart disease medications with price disclosure (treatment 2), and nonpharmaceutical advertising (control group). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcomes included ordinal measures of medication- and lifestyle-related intentions, health-related beliefs, and brand perceptions. Results: Among the 2874 included participants (mean SD age, 53.8 7.1 years; 1549 54% male) χ2tests confirmed that there were no statistically significant differences in baseline demographic characteristics across study arms. There was a positive association between DTCA and medication-related behavioral intentions, including intention to switch medication (marginal effect ME = 0.004; P =.002) and engage in information-seeking behaviors (ME = 0.02; P =.01). There was no evidence that pharmaceutical DTCA discouraged use of nonpharmacological lifestyle interventions that can help manage heart disease (eg, diet and exercise), and DTCA exposure also had a positive association with consumers' favorable perceptions of pharmaceutical manufacturers (competence: ME = 0.03; P =.01; innovative: ME = 0.03; P =.008). There was no evidence for differential associations of price disclosures in DTCA. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study, results showed that brief exposure to pharmaceutical DTCA had a large and positive association with medication-related demand intentions with no offsetting negative spillovers on lifestyle-related intentions. Lack of associations with price disclosure in DTCA suggests that policy makers should consider alternative strategies to promote value-based decision-making for prescription drugs. © 2022 Eisenberg MD et al. JAMA Health Forum. |
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