SUMMARY FOR ARTICLE

the results also showed that within the two musician groups number of years in private lessons was related to scores on verbal memory tests and number of hours spent practicing at peak of training was related to one test of language and executive function cowa-fas and visual spatial ability block design. only one group hanna-pladdy & gajewski ; hanna-pladdy & mackay has specifically examined neuropsychological functioning of older adult musicians compared to non-musicians and they failed to account for critical covariates including social activity level and general health conditions study described in more detail below. in addition to the neuropsychological assessments participants completed questionnaires measuring physical activity social activity general quality of life and physical health. just as reading music requires visual spatial ability training in the ability to read music or sight-read music may enhance a musicians visual spatial skills that are then generalized to performance on the current test jolo. although the current evidence may not be strong enough to support policy recommendation public policy research examining the benefits of school children enrolled in music lessons compared to those who attend music class through school or who have no more access to music class due to budget cuts could provide additional insight into the music brain relationship throughout the lifespan.